centos session，centos7 ssh服务开启
Centos下限制SSH登录次数详解
应公司内部网站等级测评的需求，正逐渐加强系统安全防护。
设备默认 3次验证失败自动退出，并且结束会话；网络登录连接超时自动退出时间 5分钟；
第一种方法：已验证。
1.ssh超时时间设置
# cd/etc/profile.d/#创建两个空白文件autologout.csh、autologout.sh用来保存TMOUT配置
# touch autologout.csh
# touch autologout.sh
# vi autologout.sh#编辑autologout.sh
#auto out in 5 minutes
TMOUT=300#超时时间，单位为s
readonly TMOUT#设置TMOUT变量只读
export TMOUT#设置环境TMOUT
# vi autologout.csh#编辑autologout.csh
set-r autologout 2
# chmod+x autologout.*#可执行权限，其实单给u+x就行了。
断开Client，重新登录终端5分钟不使用ssh就会自动断开连接.
2.ssh认证次数限制：
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
MaxAuthTries=3这仅是超过3次验证错误断开连接。
第二种方法：（试验中还是有问题出现）
原理：通过系统的pam认证实现。
1.备份/etc/pam.d/system_auth文件，更改：
#%PAM-1.0
# This file is auto-generated.
# User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run.
auth required pam_env.so
auth required pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass将原来的sufficient改为required
#auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid>= 500 quiet注释掉此行
auth required pam_tally.so deny=3unlock_time=300增加一行，失败超过3次限制5分钟后登录
#auth required pam_deny.so注释掉此行
account required pam_unix.so
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid<500 quiet
account required pam_permit.so
account required pam_tally2.so增加一行
password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3
password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok
password required pam_deny.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke
session required pam_limits.so
session [success=1default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session required pam_unix.so
2.建议sshtest帐户，进行密码错误登录验证。查看tail/var/log/secure|grep sshtest记录：
Feb 22 15:21:11 SN524 sshd[4900]: Failed password for sshtest from 192.168.40.130 port 53995 ssh2
Feb 22 15:21:17 SN524 sshd[4900]: pam_tally(sshd:auth): user sshtest(503) tally 7, deny 3
Feb 22 07:21:19 SN524 sshd[4903]: Disconnecting: Too many authentication failures for sshtest
Feb 22 15:21:19 SN524 sshd[4900]: Failed password for sshtest from 192.168.40.130 port 53995 ssh2
Feb 22 15:22:05 SN524 sshd[4906]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.40.130 user=sshtest
帐户已被锁住，无法登录，等待5分钟后才能重新登录.
3.限制SSH过期时间：
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
ClientAliveInterval 60
ClientAliveCountMax 60
CentOS7网络设置修复
服务器有两个网卡enp7s0和enp8s0
服务器需要通过enp8s0和互联网联通，互联网为笔记本转接
通过centos7界面修改ip，失败；
通过centos7的网络配置文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp8s0修改ip设置
设置如下：
1.启动 service network start报错，通过journalctl-xe查看如下
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit fprintd.service has begun starting up.
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost dbus-daemon[851]: dbus[851]: [system] Successfully activated service'net.reactivated.Fprint'
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost dbus[851]: [system] Successfully activated service'net.reactivated.Fprint'
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost systemd[1]: Started Fingerprint Authentication Daemon.
-- Subject: Unit fprintd.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit fprintd.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost fprintd[6685]: Launching FprintObject
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost fprintd[6685]:** Message: D-Bus service launched with name: net.reactivated.Fprint
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost fprintd[6685]:** Message: entering main loop
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost polkitd[835]: Operator of unix-session:1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:windfarm to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units for system-bus
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking...
-- Subject: Unit network.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit network.service has begun starting up.
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost network[6693]:正在打开环回接口： [ 确定 ]
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost network[6693]:正在打开接口 enp7s0：
12月 29 19:31:24 crrchost network[6693]:正在确定 enp7s0的 IP信息...失败：不存在链接。检查电缆？
12月 29 19:31:24 crrchost network[6693]: [失败]
12月 29 19:31:24 crrchost network[6693]:正在打开接口 enp8s0： RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: [ 确定 ]
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking.
-- Subject: Unit network.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit network.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: Unit network.service entered failed state.
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service failed.
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost polkitd[835]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:6669:319312(system bus name:1.263, object path/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8)(d
3.systemctl status network.service查看如下：
● network.service- LSB: Bring up/down networking
Loaded: loaded(/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed(Result: exit-code) since六 2018-12-29 18:38:17 CST; 1min 24s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 909 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start(code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
12月 29 18:38:06 crrchost systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking...
12月 29 18:38:06 crrchost network[909]:正在打开环回接口： [ 确定 ]
12月 29 18:38:06 crrchost network[909]:正在打开接口 enp7s0：
12月 29 18:38:12 crrchost network[909]:正在确定 enp7s0的 IP信息...失败：…？
12月 29 18:38:12 crrchost network[909]: [失败]
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost network[909]:正在打开接口 enp8s0： [ 确定 ]
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service: control process exi...=1
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down n...g.
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: Unit network.service entered failed...e.
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use-l to show in full.
1.参考网络方法停用NetworkManager，依旧报错
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
2.比对两个网卡的MAC地址和配置文件的MAC地址
a.查看mac地址配置，ipconfig
b.查看配置文件中的macd地址是否匹配，ifcfg-enp8s0和ifcfg-enp7s0,
按照网络方法增加一行HWADDR=ipconfig查询到的对应网卡MAC地址；
c.重启network服务依旧报错；
3.通过GUI界面查看网络，提示“系统的网络服务与此版本的网络管理器不兼容”
这与之前停掉NetworkManager有关，此处不表；
4.因为ifcfg-enp7s0实际上没有插网线，修正其配置文件如下：
ONBOOT=no
重新启动服务后网络正常；
5.检查网络
1.network和NetworkManager不同，通过界面和通过配置文件，可能会导致配置混乱，且NetworkManager有些程序不支持，需要停用；
2.BOOTPROTO=none虽然可以表示静态ip，但是如果要启用，必须设置其为
BOOTPROTO=static或BOOTPROTO=dhcp
3.一个网卡没哟被启用，也就是没有设置动态ip或静态ip，是无法被初始化的，不能设置ONBOOT=yes
In Centos7.0 disabling NetworkManager will leave a dhcp client running configured for NetworkManager. This causes the error message RTNETLINK answers: File exists when the network service is started.
The stale dhclient process has the additional"benefit" that when the lease expires your dhclientwill choke, since it cannot reach NetWorkManager, thus removing your IP address.
If you grep for it, you will see that it points to a NetWorkManager configuration file.
[root@host~]# ps-ef| grep dhc
root 1865 792 0 Apr28? 00:00:00/sbin/dhclient-d-sf\
/usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper-pf/var/run/dhclient-eno1.pid-lf\
/var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-c96e56d3-a4c9-4a87-85ca-93dc0ca268f2-eno1.lease\
-cf/var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-eno1.conf eno1
So what you can do is kill the dhclient and only then start your network service.
linux centos7 远程桌面报错
不这样做，这样做很麻烦。特别是瘟十，如果是家庭版就不行。
你应该用RealVNC这款专用的远程桌面，不挑操作系统，不挑版本，手机、电脑、板子等，多可以连接。
Linux和Windows之间远程桌面非常好用，比如麒麟、树莓派、深度、乌班图与叉屁、瘟七、瘟十之间远程桌面控制，非常方便简单。
