centos 7 手册，centos7点几哪个版本好用
其实centos 7 手册的问题并不复杂，但是又很多的朋友都不太了解centos7点几哪个版本好用，因此呢，今天小编就来为大家分享centos 7 手册的一些知识，希望可以帮助到大家，下面我们一起来看看这个问题的分析吧！
CentOS7的hostnamectl命令使用详解
centos7上在主机名变更新增了一个hostnamectl指令，该指令的无论在输出和更改上都较之前更加的便利。先看下hostname的help帮助信息：
复制代码代码如下:
[root@361way~]# hostnamectl--help
hostnamectl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND...
Query or change system hostname.
-h--help Show this help
--version Show package version
--transient Only set transient hostname
--static Only set static hostname
--pretty Only set pretty hostname
-P--privileged Acquire privileges before execution
--no-ask-password Do not prompt for password
-H--host=[USER@]HOST Operate on remote host
Commands:
status Show current hostname settings
set-hostname NAME Set system hostname
set-icon-name NAME Set icon name for host
set-chassis NAME Set chassis type for host
查看hostname信息
复制代码代码如下:
[root@361way~]# hostnamectl
Static hostname: 361way
Icon name: computer-desktop
Chassis: desktop
Machine ID: 6917731f5fe447d0bca296ed2802e250
Boot ID: e0d20bc2a3a4474c960394967d33ab53
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7(Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-123.6.3.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86_64
设置主机名
从上面的help帮助里可以看到，在设置主机名时，这里涉及到四种主机名，在hostnamectl的man手册里给予了说明和解释，如下：
This tool distinguishes three different hostnames: the high-level"pretty" hostname which might include all kinds of special characters(e.g."Lennart's
Laptop"), the static hostname which is used to initialize the kernel hostname at boot(e.g."lennarts-laptop"), and the transient hostname which might be
assigned temporarily due to network configuration and might revert back to the static hostname if network connectivity is lost and is only temporarily
written to the kernel hostname(e.g."dhcp-47-11").
Note that the pretty hostname has little restrictions on the characters used, while the static and transient hostnames are limited to the usually accepted
characters of Internet domain names.
更改主机名
一般情况下都是使用set-hostname进行更改：
复制代码代码如下:
[root@361way~]# hostnamectl set-hostname blog
更改主机名一般会涉及到/etc/hostname、/etc/machine-info两个文件，同时对于不同的名字修改在man手册上也给了说明：
The static hostname is stored in/etc/hostname, see hostname(5) for more information. The pretty hostname, chassis type, and icon name are stored in/etc/machine-info, see machine-id(5).
set-icon-name设置的主机一般和图形界面会用到，对应的hostnamectl输出中的Icon name，set-chassis指定了主机的平台类型，如本机的是desktop，还可以设置为："desktop","laptop","server","tablet","handset"
centos7的系统日志怎么查看
是由商业版红帽决定用xfs为默认，故而centos这个社区版自然得跟上步伐了主要特性包括以下几点数据完全性：采用XFS文件系统，当意想不到的宕机发生后，首先，由于文件系统开启了日志功能，所以你磁盘上的文件不再会意外宕机而遭到破坏了。不论目centos7的系统日志怎么查看
CentOS7网络设置修复
服务器有两个网卡enp7s0和enp8s0
服务器需要通过enp8s0和互联网联通，互联网为笔记本转接
通过centos7界面修改ip，失败；
通过centos7的网络配置文件/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp8s0修改ip设置
设置如下：
1.启动 service network start报错，通过journalctl-xe查看如下
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit fprintd.service has begun starting up.
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost dbus-daemon[851]: dbus[851]: [system] Successfully activated service'net.reactivated.Fprint'
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost dbus[851]: [system] Successfully activated service'net.reactivated.Fprint'
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost systemd[1]: Started Fingerprint Authentication Daemon.
-- Subject: Unit fprintd.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit fprintd.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost fprintd[6685]: Launching FprintObject
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost fprintd[6685]:** Message: D-Bus service launched with name: net.reactivated.Fprint
12月 29 19:31:12 crrchost fprintd[6685]:** Message: entering main loop
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost polkitd[835]: Operator of unix-session:1 successfully authenticated as unix-user:windfarm to gain TEMPORARY authorization for action org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units for system-bus
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking...
-- Subject: Unit network.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit network.service has begun starting up.
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost network[6693]:正在打开环回接口： [ 确定 ]
12月 29 19:31:18 crrchost network[6693]:正在打开接口 enp7s0：
12月 29 19:31:24 crrchost network[6693]:正在确定 enp7s0的 IP信息...失败：不存在链接。检查电缆？
12月 29 19:31:24 crrchost network[6693]: [失败]
12月 29 19:31:24 crrchost network[6693]:正在打开接口 enp8s0： RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: [ 确定 ]
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost network[6693]: RTNETLINK answers: File exists
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking.
-- Subject: Unit network.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support:
--
-- Unit network.service has failed.
--
-- The result is failed.
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: Unit network.service entered failed state.
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service failed.
12月 29 19:31:25 crrchost polkitd[835]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:6669:319312(system bus name:1.263, object path/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8)(d
3.systemctl status network.service查看如下：
● network.service- LSB: Bring up/down networking
Loaded: loaded(/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed(Result: exit-code) since六 2018-12-29 18:38:17 CST; 1min 24s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 909 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start(code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
12月 29 18:38:06 crrchost systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Bring up/down networking...
12月 29 18:38:06 crrchost network[909]:正在打开环回接口： [ 确定 ]
12月 29 18:38:06 crrchost network[909]:正在打开接口 enp7s0：
12月 29 18:38:12 crrchost network[909]:正在确定 enp7s0的 IP信息...失败：…？
12月 29 18:38:12 crrchost network[909]: [失败]
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost network[909]:正在打开接口 enp8s0： [ 确定 ]
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service: control process exi...=1
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down n...g.
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: Unit network.service entered failed...e.
12月 29 18:38:17 crrchost systemd[1]: network.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use-l to show in full.
1.参考网络方法停用NetworkManager，依旧报错
systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
2.比对两个网卡的MAC地址和配置文件的MAC地址
a.查看mac地址配置，ipconfig
b.查看配置文件中的macd地址是否匹配，ifcfg-enp8s0和ifcfg-enp7s0,
按照网络方法增加一行HWADDR=ipconfig查询到的对应网卡MAC地址；
c.重启network服务依旧报错；
3.通过GUI界面查看网络，提示“系统的网络服务与此版本的网络管理器不兼容”
这与之前停掉NetworkManager有关，此处不表；
4.因为ifcfg-enp7s0实际上没有插网线，修正其配置文件如下：
ONBOOT=no
重新启动服务后网络正常；
5.检查网络
1.network和NetworkManager不同，通过界面和通过配置文件，可能会导致配置混乱，且NetworkManager有些程序不支持，需要停用；
2.BOOTPROTO=none虽然可以表示静态ip，但是如果要启用，必须设置其为
BOOTPROTO=static或BOOTPROTO=dhcp
3.一个网卡没哟被启用，也就是没有设置动态ip或静态ip，是无法被初始化的，不能设置ONBOOT=yes
In Centos7.0 disabling NetworkManager will leave a dhcp client running configured for NetworkManager. This causes the error message RTNETLINK answers: File exists when the network service is started.
The stale dhclient process has the additional"benefit" that when the lease expires your dhclientwill choke, since it cannot reach NetWorkManager, thus removing your IP address.
If you grep for it, you will see that it points to a NetWorkManager configuration file.
[root@host~]# ps-ef| grep dhc
root 1865 792 0 Apr28? 00:00:00/sbin/dhclient-d-sf\
/usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper-pf/var/run/dhclient-eno1.pid-lf\
/var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-c96e56d3-a4c9-4a87-85ca-93dc0ca268f2-eno1.lease\
-cf/var/lib/NetworkManager/dhclient-eno1.conf eno1
So what you can do is kill the dhclient and only then start your network service.
