and linux?Ubuntu centos
Andr0id系统是什么.
Android是一种基于Linux的自由及开放源代码的操作系统,主要使用于移动设备,如智能手机和平板电脑,由Google公司和开放手机联盟领导及开发。尚未有统一中文名称,中国大陆地区较多人使用“安卓”或“安致”。Android操作系统最初由Andy Rubin开发,主要支持手机。2005年8月由Google收购注资。2007年11月,Google与84家硬件制造商、软件开发商及电信营运商组建开放手机联盟共同研发改良Android系统。随后Google以Apache开源许可证的授权方式,发布了Android的源代码。第一部Android智能手机发布于2008年10月。Android逐渐扩展到平板电脑及其他领域上,如电视、数码相机、游戏机等。2011年第一季度,Android在全球的市场份额首次超过塞班系统,跃居全球第一。 2013年的第四季度,Android平台手机的全球市场份额已经达到78.1%。[1] 2013年09月24日谷歌开发的操作系统Android在迎来了5岁生日,全世界采用这款系统的设备数量已经达到10亿台。2014第一季度Android平台已占所有移动广告流量来源的42.8%,首度超越iOS。但运营收入不及iOS。
linux是什么意思
linux的意思:
n.【商,计】一种计算机操作系统
linux的发音:
美[ˈlaɪnʌks]英['lɪnəks]
例句:
1.AndI thinkLinuxis definitelyverycloseto reaching that magic tippingpointwhere itwillbeeasytouseforalllevelsofusers.
而且Linux的设计使之非常接近一个临界点,过了这个临界点,Linux就可以被各种层次的用户方便的使用。
2.Fromthissimpledemonstration, it'seasytoseehowpowerfultheLinuxfilesystem(andtheloopdevice)canbe.
通过这个简单的演示很容易体会到Linux文件系统(和循环设备)是多么强大。
3.Linuxsystemsusuallydo a better job with getting thekeybindings right,thoughpartofthatdependsonwhichwindowmanageryouuse.
Linux系统通常对关键值绑定有更好的支持,但在一定程度上依赖于您所使用的窗口管理器。
嵌入式linux和嵌入式android系统有什么区别和联系
嵌入式android源码架构:uboot+linux kernel+android(包含文件系统,虚拟机,UI)
嵌入式linux:这是大部分人认识的linux uboot+linux kernel+文件系统+QT(UI),
当然两者的linux内核因为上层UI的不同会稍有差别,不过还是非常接近的,做过linux的人可以无缝切换到android底层开发,所以大家说的学习android系统,其实最重要的就是学习linux驱动,再加一下android下的专门的HAL,JNI,java等等,不过大公司android相关部分也是专门的人做的了。
甚至连QT都不用了,因为linux很多设备都是没有UI的,所以要来干啥?直接无界面,照样是嵌入式linux。
现在大家说的什么嵌入式debian,ubuntu,其实也是站在linux巨人的肩膀上,其实都不算是linux的分支,只算是linux的延伸,小变化而已。看到这里大家知道嵌入式linux的强大了吧,反正是比wince强大N倍啊。
O(∩_∩)O~,所以啊,学习嵌入式android,其实底下就是学习uboot,linux内核啊,不会搞这些就像搞应用一样,所以大家以为android就是java,是非常片面的。
以前老的,说了一下区别,可以参考一下
ARCH--这是Android修改了arch/arm下面的一些文件:
arch/arm:
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/module.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/process.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/ptrace.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/setup.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/signal.c
Chg: arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
Chg: arch/arm/mm/cache-v6.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/entry.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfp.h
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfphw.S
Chg: arch/arm/vfp/vfpmodule.c
Goldfish--这是Android为了模拟器所开发的一个虚拟硬件平台。Goldfish执行arm926T指令(在2.6.29中,goldfish也支持ATMv7指令),但是在实际的设备中,该虚拟平台的文件不会被编译。
arch/arm/mach-goldfish:
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/audio.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/board-goldfish.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pdev_bus.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/pm.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/switch.c
New: arch/arm/mach-goldfish/timer.c
YAFFS2--和PC把文件存储在硬盘上不一样,移动设备一般把Flash作为存储设备。尤其是NAND flash应用非常广泛(绝大多数手机用的都是NAND flash,三星的一些手机使用的是OneNAND)。NAND flash具有低成本和高密度的优点。
YAFFS2是“Yet Another Flash File System, 2nd edition"的简称。它提供在Linux内核和NAND flash设备之前高效率的接口。 YAFFS2并没有包含在标准的Linux内核中, Google把它添加到了Android的kernel
fs/yaffs2:
New: fs/yaffs2/devextras.h
New: fs/yaffs2/Kconfig
New: fs/yaffs2/Makefile
New: fs/yaffs2/moduleconfig.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_checkptrw.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_ecc.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_fs.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_getblockinfo.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_guts.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffsinterface.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nandemul2k.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_nand.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags1.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_packedtags2.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_qsort.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagscompat.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.c
New: fs/yaffs2/yaffs_tagsvalidity.h
New: fs/yaffs2/yportenv.h
Bluetooth-- Google为Bluetooth打上了patch,fix了一些Bluetooth的bug
drivers/bluetooth:
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bfusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/bt3c_cs.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/btusb.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_h4.c
Chg: drivers/bluetooth/hci_ll.c
Scheduler--对于Scheduler的改变非常小,我对它并没有去研究。
Chg: kernel/sched.c
New Android Functionality--除了fix一些bug以及其他一些小的更改,Android增加了一些新的功能,介绍如下:
IPC Binder-- The IPC Binder is an Inter-Process Communication(IPC) mechanism. It allows processes to provide services to other processes via a set of higher-level APIs than are available in standard Linux. An Internet search indicated that the Binder concept originated at Be, Inc., and then made its way into Palm's software, before Google wrote a new Binder for Android.
New: drivers/staging/android/binder.c
Low Memory Killer-- Android adds a low-memory killer that, each time it's called, scans the list of running Linux processes, and kills one. It was not clear in our cursory examination why Android adds a low-memory killer on top of the already existing one in the standard Linux kernel.
New: drivers/staging/android/lowmemorykiller.c
Ashmem-- Ashmem is an Anonymous SHared MEMory system that adds interfaces so processes can share named blocks of memory. As an example, the system could use Ashmem to store icons, which multiple processes could then access when drawing their UI. The advantage of Ashmem over traditional Linux shared memory is that it provides a means for the kernel to reclaim these shared memory blocks if they are not currently in use. If a process then tries to access a shared memory block the kernel has freed, it will receive an error, and will then need to reallocate the block and reload the data.
New: mm/ashmem.c
RAM Console and Log Device-- To aid in debugging, Android adds the ability to store kernel log messages to a RAM buffer. Additionally, Android adds a separate logging module so that user processes can read and write user log messages.
New: drivers/staging/android/ram_console.c
Android Debug Bridge-- Debugging embedded devices can best be described as challenging. To make debugging easier, Google created the Android Debug Bridge(ADB), which is a protocol that runs over a USB link between a hardware device running Android and a developer writing applications on a desktop PC.
drivers/usb/gadget:
New: drivers/usb/gadget/android.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/composite.c
Chg: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_adb.h
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.c
New: drivers/usb/gadget/f_mass_storage.h
Android also adds a new real-time clock, switch support, and timed GPIO support. We list the impacted files for these new modules at the end of this document.
Power Management-- Power management is one of the most difficult pieces to get right in mobile devices, so we split it out into a group separate from the other pieces. It's interesting to note that Google added a new power management system to Linux, rather than reuse what already existed. We list the impacted files at the end of this document.
kernel/power:
New: kernel/power/consoleearlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/earlysuspend.c
New: kernel/power/fbearlysuspend.c
Chg: kernel/power/main.c
Chg: kernel/power/power.h
Chg: kernel/power/process.c
New: kernel/power/userwakelock.c
New: kernel/power/wakelock.c
Miscellaneous Changes-- In addition to the above, we found a number of changes that could best be described as,'Miscellaneous.' Among other things, these changes include additional debugging support, keypad light controls, and management of TCP networking
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