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2025-1-11

服务器

NFS笔记(二)NFS服务器配置实例

一、NFS服务器配置实例

实验拓扑

二、实验要求及环境

2.1实验环境

NFS服务器 IP：192.168.8.5

环境：

[root@server7~]# uname-a

Linux server7.ctos.zu 3.10.0-514.el7.centos.plus.i686#1 SMP Wed Jan 25 12:55:04 UTC 2017 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

[root@server7~]# cat/etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 7.3.1611(AltArch)

客户端IP：192.168.8.7

环境：

[root@client-A~]# uname-a

Linux client-A.ctos.zu 2.6.32-696.el6.i686#1 SMP Tue Mar 21 18:53:30 UTC 2017 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

[root@client-A~]# cat/etc/redhat-release

CentOS release 6.9(Final)

2.2、实验要求

NFS服务器

1、/home/share目录可读写，并且不限制用户身份，共享给192.168.8.0/24网段不的所有主机；

2、/home/zhidata这个目录仅共享给192.168.8.7这台主机，以供该主机上面的zhi这个用户来使用，

也就是说zhi在192.168.8.5和192.168.8.7上均有账号，且账号均为zhi；

3、/home/upload这个目录做为192.168.8.0/24网段的数据上传目录，其中/home/upload

的用户和所属组为nfs-upload这个名字，它的UID和GID均为222；

4、/home/nfs 这个目录的属性为只读，可提供除了网段内的工作站外，向Internet也提供数据内容。

三、服务器端设置

1、编辑/etc/exports内容

[root@server7 etc]# cat/etc/exports

/home/share 192.168.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/home/zhidata 192.168.8.7(rw)

/home/upload 192.168.8.0/24(rw,all_squash,anonuid=222,anongid=222)

/home/nfs 192.168.8.0/24(ro) *(ro,all_squash)

2、按要求建立每个对应目录

2.1、创建/home/share目录任何人都可以在/home/share内新增、修改文件，但

仅有该文件/目录的建立者与root能够删除自己的目录或文件。

[root@server7 etc]# mkdir-p /home/share

[root@server7 etc]# ll-d/home/share/

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 5 15:50/home/share/

[root@server7 etc]# chmod 1777 /home/share/

[root@server7 etc]# ll-d/home/share/

drwxrwxrwt. 2 root root 6 9月 5 15:50/home/share/

2.2、创建/home/nfs

[root@server7 etc]# ll-d/home/nfs/

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 5 16:52/home/nfs/

2.3、创建/home/zhidata目录

[root@server7 etc]# mkdir-v/home/zhidata

mkdir:已创建目录"/home/zhidata"

[root@server7 etc]# ll-d/home/zhidata/

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 9月 5 16:57/home/zhidata/

[root@server7 etc]# useradd zhi

root@server7 etc]# passwd zhi

更改用户 zhi的密码。

新的密码：

无效的密码：密码少于 8个字符

重新输入新的密码：

passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

[root@server7 etc]# cat/etc/passwd| grep zhi

zhi:x:1000:1000:zhi:/home/zhi:/bin/bash

[root@server7 etc]# chmod 700/home/zhidata/

[root@server7 etc]# chown-R zhi:zhi/home/zhidata/

[root@server7 etc]# ll-d/home/zhidata/

drwx------. 2 zhi zhi 6 9月 5 16:57/home/zhidata/

2.4、创建/home/upload目录

#先建立对应账号与组名及UID

[root@server7 etc]# groupadd -g 222 nfs-upload

[root@server7 etc]# useradd-g 222-u 222-M nfs-upload

[root@server7 etc]# cat/etc/passwd|grep nfs

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfs-upload:x:222:222::/home/nfs-upload:/bin/bash

＃创建目录，修改属主

[root@server7 etc]# mkdir/home/upload

[root@server7 etc]# chown-R nfs-upload:nfs-upload /home/upload/

[root@server7 etc]# ll-d/home/upload/

drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 9月 6 08:38/home/upload/

2.5、重启NFS服务

[root@server7 etc]# systemctl restart nfs

[root@server7 etc]# systemctl status nfs

● nfs-server.service- NFS server and services

Loaded: loaded(/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active(exited) since三 2017-09-06 08:41:40 CST; 8s ago

Process: 9171 ExecStopPost=/usr/sbin/exportfs-f(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 9169 ExecStopPost=/usr/sbin/exportfs-au(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 9168 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd 0(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 9181 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd$RPCNFSDARGS(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 9180 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/exportfs-r(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 9181(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

CGroup:/system.slice/nfs-server.service

9月 06 08:41:40 server7.ctos.zu systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services...

9月 06 08:41:40 server7.ctos.zu systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.

[root@server7 etc]# tail/var/log/messages

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started NFS Mount Daemon.

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 rpc.mountd[9178]: Version 1.3.0 starting

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started NFSv4 ID-name mapping service.

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Starting NFS server and services...

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 kernel: NFSD: starting 90-second grace period(net c0c932c0)

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started NFS server and services.

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Starting Notify NFS peers of a restart...

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 sm-notify[9198]: Version 1.3.0 starting

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 sm-notify[9198]: Already notifying clients; Exiting!

Sep 6 08:41:40 server7 systemd: Started Notify NFS peers of a restart.

2.6、查看NFS服务器共享出来目录

2.7、关闭防火墙、selinux

2.8查看配置

[root@server7~]# exportfs-v

/home/zhidata 192.168.8.7(rw,wdelay,root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash)

/home/share 192.168.8.0/24(rw,wdelay,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)

/home/upload 192.168.8.0/24(rw,wdelay,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,anonuid=222,anongid=222,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,all_squash)

/home/nfs 192.168.8.0/24(ro,wdelay,root_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash)

/home/nfs <world>(ro,wdelay,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,ro,secure,root_squash,all_squash)

四、客户端配置

4.1、客户端也要安装nfs-utils和rcpbind软件包

[root@client-A~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind-y

4.2、启动RPC

[root@client-A~]# service rpcbind start /systemctl start rpcbind

Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]

[root@client-A~]# service rpcbind status

rpcbind(pid 1926) is running...

[root@client-A~]# chkconfig--list|grep rpcbind

4.3、客户端关闭防火墙、selinux

[root@client-A~]# service iptables stop/systemctl stop firewalld

iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]

iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]

iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]

4.4测试网络

[root@client-A~]# ping 192.168.8.5

PING 192.168.8.5(192.168.8.5) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.16 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.697 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.346 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.336 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.335 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.317 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.512 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.8.5: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.320 ms

--- 192.168.8.5 ping statistics---

8 packets transmitted, 8 received, 0% packet loss, time 7555ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev= 0.317/0.629/2.169/0.595 ms

4.5在客户端查看NFS服务器共享出来目录

[root@client-A~]# showmount-e 192.168.8.5

Export list for 192.168.8.5:

/home/nfs (everyone)

/home/upload 192.168.8.0/24

/home/share 192.168.8.0/24

/home/zhidata 192.168.8.7

4.6、挂载NFS服务器上/home/nfs目录到本地/opt/data目录下

#临时挂载

#永久挂载

编辑、/etc/fstab文件，新增如下条目：

192.168.8.5:/home/nfs /opt/data/ nfs4 defaults 0 0

更多信息参考 nfs参数详解

#查看信息

[root@client-A data]# df-h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

6.5G 644M 5.6G 11%/

tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0%/dev/shm

/dev/sda1 477M 26M 426M 6%/boot

192.168.8.5:/home/nfs

8.0G 1.6G 6.5G 20%/opt/data

[root@client-A data]# mount

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on/ type ext4(rw)

proc on/proc type proc(rw)

sysfs on/sys type sysfs(rw)

devpts on/dev/pts type devpts(rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs on/dev/shm type tmpfs(rw)

/dev/sda1 on/boot type ext4(rw)

none on/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc(rw)

sunrpc on/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs(rw)

nfsd on/proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd(rw)

192.168.8.5:/home/nfs on/opt/data type nfs(rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.8.5,clientaddr=192.168.8.7)

#创建文件测试

[root@client-A data]# touch testabc

touch: cannot touch `testabc': Read-only file system

4.7挂载/home/upload目录到客户端/opt/upload目录下

#挂载

[root@client-A data]# mkdir/opt/upload

[root@client-A data]# mount-t nfs 192.168.8.5:/home/upload /opt/upload/

#查看挂载是否成功

[root@client-A data]# df-h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

6.5G 644M 5.6G 11%/

tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0%/dev/shm

/dev/sda1 477M 26M 426M 6%/boot

192.168.8.5:/home/nfs

8.0G 1.6G 6.5G 20%/opt/data

192.168.8.5:/home/upload

8.0G 1.6G 6.5G 20%/opt/upload

#客户端创建nfs-upload用户

[root@client-A~]# groupadd -g 222 nfs-upload

[root@client-A~]# useradd-g 222-u 222-m nfs-upload

#测试，可以看到创建的文件及目录默认属主为nfs-upload属组为nfs-upload

[zhi@client-A upload]$ pwd

/opt/upload

[zhi@client-A upload]$ ll

total 0

#测试创建文件

[zhi@client-A upload]$ touch test123

测试创建目录

[zhi@client-A upload]$ mkdir testdir

[zhi@client-A upload]$ ll-a

total 4

drwxr-xr-x 3 nfs-upload nfs-upload 36 Sep 6 10:28.

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Sep 6 18:22..

-rw-rw-r-- 1 nfs-upload nfs-upload 0 Sep 6 10:28 test123

drwxrwxr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 Sep 6 10:28 testdir

#在客户端用root用户创建文件测试

root@client-A upload]# touch testabc

[root@client-A upload]# ll

total 0

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 6 10:31 nfstest123

-rw-r--r-- 1 nfs-upload nfs-upload 0 Sep 6 10:32 testabc

drwxrwxr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 Sep 6 10:28 testdir

可以看到用root用户创建的文件属主仍是nfs-upload

#测试删除文件

[zhi@client-A upload]$ rm test123

[zhi@client-A upload]$ ll

total 0

drwxrwxr-x 2 nfs-upload nfs-upload 6 Sep 6 10:28 testdir

华为服务器RAID5怎么做

以华为RH2288服务器为例，

具体操作方法如下：

1、开机根据屏幕提示按ctrl＋R进入raid设置界面

2、光标移动到sas3108（bus0x01?）上按F2

3、选择raid等级，然后使用tab键切换到右侧按enter选择所有硬盘（硬盘被选中后在前方的复选框中会出现一个x表示选中这块硬盘了）。

之后到basic－settings中设置，这里我首先切换单位从TB切换到GB，然后设定一个1024GB的空间，并没有全用所有的空间，剩下的空间还可以做成一个盘，同样做raid5

4、用剩下的硬盘容量做另外一个raid5

5、做好raid后，进行快速初始化

6、最后可以设置第一块盘作为启动盘。按ctrl＋p可以在不同大页签间切换，切到virtual－driver－management下

7、重启服务器

阅读剩余

作者：云服务器测评

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